Journal of Science and Teacher Education
Journal of Science and Teacher Education is a journal focusing on publishing research articles especially in Lao PDR
Factors Affecting Lao Reading Difficulties among Students at the Demonstration Secondary School of Savannakhet Teacher Training College during the 2024–2025 Academic Year
This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the inability of Grade 6 (Year 1 of lower secondary school) students to read the Lao language proficiently at the Demonstration Secondary School of Savannakhet Teacher Training College. The research instrument was a questionnaire administered to 20 teachers (10 females) and 17 students (8 females). The findings revealed that environmental factors and students’ distractions, including excessive engagement with video games, mobile phones, and negative peer influence, had the greatest impact on students’ Lao reading ability. In addition, many students lacked fundamental literacy skills acquired during preschool and primary education. Parental factors, particularly emotional support, encouragement, and regular monitoring of students’ learning, were also found to significantly influence students’ Lao reading achievement. Based on these findings, the study recommends that teachers enhance their professional competencies through continuous training in modern teaching approaches that are aligned with current educational reforms. In teaching reading, teachers should strengthen students’ reading skills in all key areas, including letter recognition, pronunciation, vocabulary development, reading fluency, and reading comprehension. Furthermore, teachers should regularly engage in professional learning activities, such as sharing teaching experiences, reflecting on instructional practices, and collaborating with educational experts and other educational institutions. In addition, the study recommends strengthening the regulations and management systems for general education students to ensure more effective supervision and discipline. These regulations should be updated to reflect contemporary educational contexts while maintaining consistency and uniformity across the country.
Lao Language reading ability, Reading difficulties, Environmental factors, Lower secondary school students, Parental support.
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Science and Teacher Education https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Qualitative Analysis of AI Tool Utilization and Its Impact on Academic Workload Management and Practical Skills Among Educators and Post-Graduates in Vientiane, Lao PDR
This study investigates how the current utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) influences academic workload management and practical skill development among university scholars in Vientiane, Lao PDR. It addresses two central research questions how AI tool utilization correlates with academic efficiency and effectiveness in multidisciplinary settings, and what systemic barriers hinder the integration of AI technologies into local educational frameworks. Employing a qualitative research design, the study collected data through semi-structured interviews with a sample of 60 educators across engineering, economics, and social science disciplines. Data were analyzed using an 8-step thematic analysis process to identify recurring patterns and latent themes regarding AI integration. The study reveals a dual perception of AI: it is viewed as a transformative collaborative efficiency engine capable of personalizing learning and automating routine tasks, yet also as a source of significant pedagogical and ethical concerns, including the potential for skill atrophy, data privacy risks, and digital equity gaps. Findings underscore that successful AI integration requires a balanced, ethical, and strategically guided approach, emphasizing robust infrastructure, comprehensive AI literacy training, thoughtful curriculum redesign, and clear institutional policies. This study concludes that proactive pedagogical and policy shifts are essential to ensure AI genuinely fosters profound learning and equitable opportunity within the Lao educational context.
Artificial Intelligence (AI), Academic Workload Management, performance paradox, AI Literacy, Higher Education, Lao PDR
Enhancing Text Interpretation Skills through Role-Playing Techniques among Second-Year Lao Language and Literature Teacher Students in the 2025–2026 Academic Year
This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of role-playing techniques in developing text interpretation skills among second-year Lao Language and Literature teacher students at Savannakhet Teacher Training College during the 2025–2026 academic year. The study focused on the literary texts Nang Malong Thao Bachieng and Kampa Phinoy. The participants consisted of 14 second-year students, including 9 females. A one-group pretest–posttest design was employed. Students’ text interpretation skills were assessed before and after instruction using role-playing techniques, and the results were compared to determine learning progress. The findings revealed a significant improvement in students’ text interpretation skills following the intervention. The mean pretest score was 4.92, while the mean posttest score increased to 7.92. The higher posttest scores indicate that role-playing techniques effectively enhanced students’ understanding and interpretation of literary texts. Students demonstrated improved ability to identify meanings, analyze story content, and communicate interpretations accurately. In addition to improving interpretation skills, the role-playing approach promoted student engagement, cooperation, responsibility, critical thinking, and active participation in learning. The findings support learner-centered teaching principles and suggest that role-playing techniques can be an effective instructional strategy for teaching literature and developing text interpretation skills among teacher education students.
Role-playing technique, Text interpretation, Literature teaching, Teacher education.
Tree Species Diversity and Local Utilization in the Community Forest of Ban Na Lao, Atsaphone District, Savannakhet Province, Laos
This study aimed to: (1) assess the diversity of tree species in the community forest of Ban Na Lao, Atsaphone District, Savannakhet Province, and (2) investigate the utilization of tree resources by local people. To assess tree species diversity, 11 systematically arranged sample plots were established. Each plot consisted of three nested subplots measuring 20 × 20 m, 10 × 10 m, and 5 × 5 m for collecting data on mature trees, saplings, and seedlings, respectively. Species diversity was analyzed using the Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index. To investigate the utilization of tree resources, interviews were conducted with 52 households regarding the use of forest products for livelihood purposes. Tree utilization was categorized into six groups: food, fuelwood, construction materials, agricultural tools, medicinal plants, and ornamental plants. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel to calculate frequencies, percentages, minimum values, and maximum values for each utilization category. The survey recorded a total of 55 tree species belonging to 27 families. The most species-rich family was DIPTEROCARPACEAE, represented by Dipterocarpus alatus, Hopea ferrea, Shorea siamensis, Shorea obtusa, and Anisoptera robusta. This was followed by FABACEAE, including Ormosia cambodiana, Peltophorum dasyrachis, Xylia xylocarpa, Pterocarpus macrocarpus, and Afzelia xylocarpa. MORACEAE ranked third in terms of species abundance. A total of 32 mature tree species were recorded, with a density of 0.039 individuals m⁻² and a distribution index of 11.36. Lagerstroemia duperreana exhibited the highest dominance (9.87%) and Importance Value Index (IVI) (31.88%), followed by Dipterocarpus alatus with an IVI of 28.25%. The Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index indicated a high level of species diversity (H′ = 5.51), reflecting high species richness, a large number of individuals, and relatively even species distribution within the forest. For the sapling layer, 33 species were recorded with a density of 0.195 individuals m⁻². The species with the highest IVI was Croton oblongifolius Roxb. (37.14%), followed by Mai Huat (30.91%). The Shannon–Wiener Diversity Index also indicated high diversity (H’ = 4.93). In the seedling layer, 29 species were recorded, with a density of 1.39 individuals m⁻² and a distribution index of 14.64. The results of the household survey revealed that local people utilized tree species for a wide range of purposes. Food was the most common use category, involving 12 species, followed by fuelwood (9 species) and agricultural tools (9 species). Other uses included construction materials, medicinal plants, and ornamental plants. Many tree species served multiple functions. The utilization of forest resources demonstrates the close relationship between local communities and their forest environment and reflects the accumulation of traditional ecological knowledge over generations. This knowledge represents an important foundation for the conservation and sustainable management of community forest resources.
Diversity of tree species, Local utilization, and Community-use forest
Quality Control Analysis of Omeprazole Capsules 20 mg in Pharmacies, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR
Gastric diseases are non-communicable diseases (NCDs) found worldwide, caused by various factors such as poor dietary habits, stress, use of NSAIDs, and Helicobacter pylori infection. Treatment often uses proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), such as omeprazole, to reduce gastric acid secretion. Reports indicate that omeprazole not meeting quality standards has been found in many countries in the ASEAN region, which may result in treatment failure and pose safety risks. In the Lao PDR, omeprazole is distributed under many brand names, both domestically produced and imported, and some products have not yet been registered with the Food and Drug Department. This situation highlights the need to monitor the quality of medicines sold in pharmacies to ensure safety and treatment efficacy. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of Omeprazole capsules 20 mg sold in pharmacies in Vientiane Capital. The study employed the HPLC validation method following ICH guidelines, evaluating linearity, accuracy, and precision. Six samples were collected to examine the uniformity of weight and to perform an assay. The results showed that the HPLC analysis method met ICH guideline requirements, with R² = 0.999, %Recovery 98.40–102.25%, and %RSD 0.02–0.12%. Among the six samples, 2 samples (33.33%) were domestically produced, and 4 samples (66.66%) were imported, with 4 samples not yet registered with the Food and Drug Department. Assay testing according to USP revealed that 3 samples were within the 90–110% range, while 3 samples exceeded 110% (114.45%, 111.96%, and 111.45%). These findings demonstrate that the HPLC analysis method is accurate and precise according to international (ICH) standards, suitable for quality control of omeprazole in laboratories and for pharmaceutical quality assurance. However, some imported omeprazole products that have not yet been registered exceeded the USP limits, highlighting the importance of registration and quality monitoring to ensure medicine safety and efficacy.
Omeprazole, Quality of medicines, Analytical methods, Pharmacy, Vientiane Capital
Development of Black Oyster Mushroom Production Technology on Rice Straw Substrate Supplemented with Selenium for Enhanced Nutritional Value and Yield
Black Oyster Mushroom is a high-nutritional vegetable with increasing market demand, but cultivation using pure rice straw may not yield optimal production and quality. This research aimed to develop Black Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) production technology using rice straw as the main substrate supplemented with Selenium (Se) at various levels to study effects on growth, yield, and Se accumulation in mushroom biomass to become health-enhancing mushrooms. The experiment was designed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments: Selenium levels of 0, 1.5, 3, 5, 10, and 15 parts per million (ppm) with 3 replications per treatment over a 3-month period. Substrates were sterilized at 121°C and inoculated with 10% spawn rate. Results showed that rice straw substrate supplemented with Selenium at 3 and 5 ppm yielded the best results for mycelial growth rate, fresh yield, and fruiting body quality, with higher Biological Efficiency compared to the control group significantly. Specifically, yield increased by approximately 20% compared to untreated straw. Selenium supplementation above 10 ppm was found to inhibit growth and reduce mushroom quality due to toxicity. Additionally, Selenium accumulation in mushroom biomass ranged from 140-930 µg/kg (dry weight), increasing with supplementation levels, meeting dietary requirements. In conclusion, Selenium supplementation technology at 3-5 ppm in rice straw can be effectively used to enhance nutritional value and increase Black Oyster Mushroom yield safely for consumers, offering a new option for mushroom farming development in Laos and addressing protein deficiency issues.
Black Oyster Mushroom, Rice Straw, Selenium, Yield, Biological Efficiency.
Identification of Physical Characteristics and Curcuminoid Biomarkers in Turmeric Products Sold in Vientiane Capital
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a medicinal plant widely utilized in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries due to its diverse therapeutic benefits. In Lao PDR, turmeric products are both locally manufactured and imported, highlighting the necessity for stringent quality control. This study aimed to identify the physical characteristics and quantify the major chemical biomarkers (curcuminoids) of ten turmeric products sold in Vientiane Capital, including four powders, three capsules, two boluses, and one tablet. The methodology involved microscopic examination, determination of moisture content and total ash, and quantitative analysis of curcuminoids using HPLC-UV. The results of the microscopic examination confirmed the botanical identity of turmeric by identifying parenchymatous cells, fibers, scattered oil droplets, vessels, and cork cells. HPLC-UV analysis revealed that curcuminoid contents ranged from 7.70% to 84.55%, with the bolus form containing the lowest concentration, while powder and capsule forms showed significantly higher levels. Moisture content ranged from 3.7% to 11.97%, and total ash values ranged from 1.15% to 15.28% (with eight samples below the 10% limit). Method validation demonstrated excellent analytical performance with a precision (%RSD) of 1.81, LOD of 0.015 µg/ml, LOQ of 0.046 µg/ml, and a recovery rate of 105.23%, all within acceptable scientific standards. The findings indicate that different dosage forms contain varying levels of active compounds, likely influenced by manufacturing processes. This underscores the importance of standardized production to ensure the safety, consistency, and efficacy of turmeric products.
Evaluating the Quality of Ofloxacin in Pharmaceutical Products sold in Vientiane Capital, Laos
Ofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic widely used for the treatment of bacterial infections, with activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. According to the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) standard, the content of ofloxacin in pharmaceutical products must be within 90–110%. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of 200 mg ofloxacin tablets available in Vientiane Capital. A total of 10 samples were collected from community pharmacies in Vientiane Capital. The evaluation included weight uniformity, friability, disintegration, dissolution, and assay of ofloxacin content using HPLC. Method validation demonstrated good linearity within the concentration range of 1–100 μg/mL with an R² value of 0.9990. The precision of the method expressed as %RSD was ≤2%, and the accuracy averaged 97.60%. The results showed that one sample did not meet the weight uniformity requirement, two samples failed the disintegration test, and one sample failed the dissolution test. The assay of ofloxacin content in the finished products ranged from 90% to 99.4%. Overall, the analytical method met the required validation standards. However, some samples of ofloxacin 200 mg tablets did not comply with the specified standards for weight uniformity, disintegration, and dissolution.
A Study of 4G/5G Technology Usage Behavior among Undergraduate Students in Vientiane Capital, Laos, 2025–2026
The purpose of this research is to study the behavior of undergraduate students using 4G/5G technology. The target groups used in the research are students in the natural sciences, social sciences, and medical sciences. The natural sciences, years 1 to 4, have 3 fields of study: 1) Computer Engineering and Information Technology, 2) Electrical Engineering, and 3) the Institute of Information Communication Technology, totaling 128 students; the social sciences, years 1 to 4, have 2 fields of study: 1) Law and Political Science and 2) Finance-Accounting, totaling 173 students; and the medical sciences, years 1 to 5, have 1 field of study: Faculty of Medicine, totaling 58 students, totaling 359 students. The research instrument used to collect data was a questionnaire with a 5-point Likert Scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS to calculate percentages, mean (µ), and standard deviation (σ). The results of the study found that the overall behavior of undergraduate students using 4G/5G technology for learning was at a very high level. More. When comparing by year of study, it was found that the overall technology usage behavior of students from year 1 to year 5 was not different. Students studying different majors in educational institutions also did not differ in technology usage behavior. However, the overall knowledge and ability to use 4G/5G technology was at a moderate level (µ=3.45; σ= 0.97). From the results of the study, it can be concluded that 4G/5G technology plays an important role in promoting student learning by facilitating learning and providing greater access to academic information. Therefore, educational institutions should promote the use of digital technology and develop Internet infrastructure to support student learning more effectively.
Artificial Intelligence (AI), Technology Progress, Digital Literacy, Online Education, Technology 4G/5G.
The Development of Geography Teaching and Learning Management Using Cooperative Learning Combined with Exercises for 5th-Year Demonstration Secondary School Students at Salavan Teacher Training College
This study aimed (1) to determine the efficiency of teaching and learning outcomes in Geography, (2) to compare students’ learning achievement before and after instruction in Geography using cooperative learning activities combined with practice exercises, and (3) to examine students’ learning achievement toward Geography instruction using the cooperative learning approach with exercises. The sample group consisted of 20 Grade 11 students (M5), including 8 female students. The research instruments included five Geography lesson plans designed using cooperative learning combined with exercises, and pre-test and post-test achievement tests administered over five instructional sessions. The data were analyzed using percentages, mean, t-test, and standard deviation. The results indicated that the teaching and learning activities achieved an efficiency level of E1/E2 = 85.00/92.50, which met the standard criterion of 80/80. The comparison of students’ learning achievement showed that the pre-test mean score was 6.55 with a standard deviation of 1.60, while the post-test mean score increased to 9.25 with a standard deviation of 0.96. These findings demonstrate that students’ learning achievement improved after the implementation of cooperative learning activities combined with practice exercises in Geography instruction.
Efficiency, Effectiveness, Geography, Cooperative Learning, Demonstration Secondary School
A Study of the Implementation of the Three Competition Initiatives in Private Nursery–Kindergarten–Primary Schools in Xaysettha District, Vientiane Capital
This study aimed (1) to examine the current implementation of the three Competition initiatives, (2) to investigate approaches for implementing the Three Competition initiatives, and (3) to explore recommendations for improving their implementation in the education sector of private kindergarten–primary schools in Xaysettha District, Vientiane Capital. A mixed-methods research design combining quantitative and qualitative approaches was employed. Data were collected from 216 administrators and teachers, 13 school principals, 3 heads and deputy heads of the District Education and Sports Office, and 6 officials from the Department of Education and Sports. The results revealed that the overall implementation of the Three Competition initiatives in the education and sports sector was at a high level (μ = 4.06, σ = 0.03). Among the evaluated aspects, creating a positive school environment had the highest mean score (μ = 4.14, σ = 0.03), followed by the prevention of negative behaviors (μ = 4.05, σ = 0.09), and effective teaching and excellent learning (μ = 3.99, σ = 0.04). To further improve the implementation of the Three Competition initiatives, the study recommends enhancing teacher quality through active learning approaches, strengthening communication mechanisms with parents, and continuously promoting academically outstanding students. In addition, stricter enforcement of regulations, training of internal security personnel, and cooperation with community-level organizations are necessary. Furthermore, improvements in school facilities, continuation of green school initiatives, and systematic waste management should be promoted to support a better educational environment.
Three competitions, Private school, Educational administration, School management, Education quality, Learning quality.
The Development of Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills in Permutations and Combinations through Problem-Based Learning Activities among Second-Year In-Service Mathematics Teacher Students at Pakse Teacher Training College
This study aimed to develop mathematical problem-solving skills on permutations and combinations through problem-based learning activities among second-year in-service mathematics teacher students at Pakse Teacher Training College. The research focused on improving students’ problem-solving abilities during and after the implementation of problem-based learning in mathematics instruction. The sample group consisted of 24 second-year mathematics teacher students. The research instruments included four lesson plans designed based on the problem-based learning approach, post-tests administered after each lesson, a comprehensive post-test after all lessons, and mathematical problem-solving skill exercises. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The findings revealed that the average score after each lesson was 8.06, and the overall average score after all lessons increased to 8.88, indicating an improvement in students’ learning performance. Most students obtained scores between 7 and 8 after each lesson, accounting for 100% of the participants. In the overall post-test, 66.67% of the students achieved scores between 9 and 10, while 33.33% obtained scores between 7 and 8. Furthermore, students’ mathematical problem-solving skills showed improvement in each lesson, with the average score increasing from 3.54 to 4.75 and 3.79, respectively. These results indicate that problem-based learning activities effectively enhanced students’ mathematical problem-solving skills in the topics of permutations and combinations.
development, teaching and learning, mathematical problem-solving skills, learning achievement.
A Study of Teaching and Learning Outcomes in the Carving Course on Crab Claw Pattern Design Using the 4 MAT Teaching Method for Third-Year Undergraduate Students at the College of Art Education
This study aimed (1) to compare students’ learning outcomes before and after instruction using the 4MAT teaching method, and (2) to examine students’ opinions toward the teaching and learning process. The target group consisted of 10 third-year undergraduate students at the College of Art Education. Data were collected through field observations, document analysis, achievement tests, and a student opinion questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, were used for data analysis. The findings indicated that the students’ average score before instruction was 76 (Grade B), whereas the average score after instruction increased to 88 (Grade A), representing an improvement of 12 points or 12%. The highest individual improvement was 27%, followed by 15%, 14%, 12%, 11%, 8%, 5%, and 3%, respectively. In addition, the overall level of students’ opinions toward the teaching and learning process was very high (μ = 4.79, σ = 0.39). Among the evaluated aspects, instructional media and equipment obtained the highest mean score (μ = 4.90, σ = 0.59), followed by teaching and learning activities and measurement and evaluation (μ = 4.80, σ = 0.41; σ = 0.35), both at a very high level. The aspect with the lowest mean score was the instructor (μ = 4.70, σ = 0.45), which was also rated at a very high level. These results suggest that the 4MAT teaching method effectively enhances students’ learning outcomes and generates highly positive student perceptions of the learning process.
Learning outcome, 4MAT, College of art education, Crab claw pattern
Blended Learning through Google Classroom to Support Computer Course Instruction for Students in a Two-Year Continuing Bachelor’s Degree Program at the Arts Education College
This research aimed to 1) determine the efficiency of the instructional package for the programs Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint using Google Classroom to support teaching and learning management according to the 80/80 criterion; 2) examine the satisfaction of undergraduate students in the 2023–2024 academic year toward the instructional package for the Excel and PowerPoint programs; and 3) study guidelines for managing the teaching and learning of the computer course so that teachers can design instructional media and create online classrooms with higher quality in the future by applying the research results to other subjects. The students’ post-learning results in the score range of 80–100 remained unchanged, while the score range of 75–79 increased from 0 to 3 students, accounting for 30%. Regarding learning outcomes in the computer course on the use of Excel and PowerPoint in all six aspects, a comparison between pre- and post-learning results showed that the post-learning achievement increased to 82%, representing an improvement of 23%. In particular, general knowledge about PowerPoint increased to 83%, with a change value of 43.33%. In addition, the results of a survey of 10 students’ opinions toward the Excel and PowerPoint instructional package across eight aspects indicated that students’ satisfaction with the teaching and learning activities was at the highest level (X = 4.64; S.D. = 3.53). Specifically, the highest ratings were in assessment and evaluation (X = 4.76; S.D. = 0.43), curriculum/content (X = 4.75; S.D. = 0.36), and the quality of instructional media (X = 4.49; S.D. = 0.48). This research also recommends that computer teachers develop high-quality instructional videos and accessible online classrooms that students can access anytime and anywhere, thereby promoting knowledge and encouraging students to engage in self-directed learning.
Blended learning, Google classroom, Teaching efficiency, Student satisfaction, Arts college of education
A Comparative Study of Power Business Intelligence and Tableau Performance in Data Aggregation Tasks
This research aims to compare the performance of Power BI and Tableau in data integration and connection to identify the most efficient tool for practical application. Experiments were conducted using PostgreSQL databases and CSV files with five data volume levels ranging 50,000 rows, 200,000 rows, 1,000,000 rows, 2,000,000 rows and 5,000,000 rows. Each level was tested five times to measure data retrieval speed and system resource utilization, specifically CPU, RAM, and Storage, under identical environments. The findings indicate that Tableau outperforms Power BI in terms of data retrieval speed, RAM efficiency, and storage optimization. Conversely, Power BI demonstrates superior performance in CPU resource management across all data levels. These results serve as a key indicator for selecting the appropriate Business Intelligence technology based on data scale and organizational resources, while providing a theoretical foundation for future research in data visualization.
Business Intelligence, Power BI, Tableau, Performance Comparison, PostgreSQL
Development of Experimental Process Skills on the Topic of Heat Using the STEM Education Approach for Second-Year Continuing Students at Pakse Teacher Training College
This research aimed to study included the following:1) to develop the learning management using STEM educational to contain the efficiency of 80/80, 2) to compare the students’ management using STEM education, 3) to assess the results of experimenting and reporting practice on STEM education, 4) Three assessments that knowledge, skill and application on STEM education and 5) to explore study the students’ satisfaction of learning achievement through the learning management using STEM education. The sample of research comprised 34 Physics continuing students who were selected by a specific random method. The instruments used in the study were lesson plans, the test to assess the students’ experimental process skills, an achievement test, assessments, and a questionnaire to examine the students’ satisfaction. The statistics employed were mean, standard deviation, and the t-test for dependent samples. The research findings were: 1) The learning, management using STEM education contained its efficiency of 83.95/84.51 which was higher than the set criteria of 80/80, 2) After the students had learnt through the learning management using STEM education, their learning achievement was significantly higher than those of before at 0.05 statistical level, 3) Assessment the experimenting and reporting results were good level, respectively, 4) The results of the three respects assessment and the consideration of learning ability at each stage according to the full learning approach using experimental teaching methods of students were at a good level, and 5) The students’ satisfaction of learning through the learning management using STEM was at very high satisfies level.
STEM education, process skills, Heat experimental, Satisfaction
The Impact of Lack of Fluency in English-Speaking of 3rd year Students at English Department Savannakhet University
This study aimed to explore the causes and analyze the impact of a lack of English-speaking fluency among third-year students in the Department of English at Savannakhet University. A mixed-methods approach was employed, with data collected from 31 students through questionnaires and interviews. The quantitative findings revealed that the lack of fluency was strongly associated with several factors: anxiety (x̅ = 3.51, SD = 1.14), lack of self-confidence (x̅ = 3.55, SD = 1.20), insufficient vocabulary (x̅ = 3.71, SD = 1.16), and lack of background knowledge (x̅ = 3.61, SD = 1.32). Students reported difficulties in expressing complex ideas, retrieving appropriate words, and participating in English-speaking activities due to fear of making mistakes and limited opportunities for practice. The impact of these challenges was significant. Over 51% of participants stated that they could not fully understand lessons, while others experienced low academic performance, missed opportunities, and fear of speaking in public or in front of native speakers. Situational anxiety was particularly high when responding to unprepared questions or during classroom presentations. Interview data further emphasized that low fluency limited students’ confidence in both academic and career-related communication, with 45.16% of respondents acknowledging that their inability to speak English would negatively affect their job prospects. Despite these difficulties, many students expressed strong motivation to improve, particularly through vocabulary development and more consistent speaking practice. The study concludes that improving English-speaking fluency requires addressing both linguistic and psychological barriers. Creating supportive learning environments, building students’ confidence, and providing structured opportunities to practice speaking English can help learners develop the fluency necessary for academic success and global employability.
Impact, English-speaking fluency, Lack of fluency, Third-year students
A Study of Factors Affecting the Learning of Literary Text Analysis in the Lao Literature Subject among Grade 8 Students at the Demonstration Secondary School of Savannakhet Teacher Training College, Academic Year 2023–2024
This research is highly significant, particularly in organizing teaching and learning activities that emphasize students’ active participation in practice, specifically the analysis of Lao literary texts according to the methods and procedures of literary analysis. The objectives of this study are to investigate the factors affecting students’ learning in analyzing literary texts in the Lao literature subject among Grade 8 secondary school students, and to examine the level of students’ interest, understanding, and satisfaction with the teaching and learning of literary text analysis in Lao literature. The sample group consisted of 21 Grade 8 demonstration secondary school students. Data were collected through the implementation of actual teaching and learning activities. The research results found that before the instruction, all students in the class were at levels ranging from very weak to good. The most significant problem faced by students was that Lao literary texts are still largely transmitted through oral storytelling traditions. They remain in poetic forms and have not yet been systematically compiled or newly published. The Lao literary texts used for teaching are still in their traditional forms and have not been adapted into other media such as films, videos, theatrical performances, or stage presentations. In teaching literary text analysis, teachers must review the theoretical approaches and procedures for analyzing literary texts before teaching. Teachers should also encourage students to read and study Lao literary texts in advance, which accounted for 95.23%. The classroom environment should also be free from noise disturbances, accounting for 76.19%, along with other related issues. The post-learning evaluation results indicated that only 2 students remained at the weak level, accounting for 9.52%, while 19 students were at the moderate to very good levels, accounting for 90.47%.
Factors affecting, Students’ learning, Analysis of literary texts, Lao literature.
A Comparison of Residents’ Attitudes toward Socio-Economic Conditions before and after Relocation and Land Allocation from the Theun–Hinboun Hydropower Project: A Case Study of Phousad Village, Khounkham District, Khammouane Province
This study aimed (1) to investigate the socio-economic perceptions of residents of Phousad Village before and after relocation, and (2) to compare their socio-economic perceptions before and after relocation. Data were collected using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire from a sample of 206 respondents. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum values, were used for data analysis. Inferential statistics were conducted using a paired-samples t-test at the 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed that the mean score of socio-economic perceptions before relocation was 3.05 (SD = 0.531), which was considered moderate, while the mean score after relocation was 3.98 (SD = 0.744), which was considered high. The comparative analysis showed that socio-economic perceptions before and after relocation differed significantly at the 0.05 level, with a p-value of 0.000. The findings showed that the post-relocation mean score was significantly higher than the pre-relocation score, reflecting improved socio-economic conditions following relocation. The results provide empirical evidence of the socio-economic changes experienced by the affected population before and after relocation. These findings are beneficial for agencies involved in planning and improving relocation management and land allocation processes. Furthermore, they may serve as guidelines for policy development and the implementation of development projects that align with the population’s needs and promote sustainable improvements in quality of life.
Attitudes, Relocation, Theun Hinboun Hydropower Project
Assessment of Radiation Dose Rate in Hongsa District, Xaiyabuly Province
This research aimed (1) to survey and measure the amount of environmental radiation emitted from the soil and present in the air in Hongsa District, Xayabouly Province; and (2) to study and calculate the risk indices indicating potential hazards to humans and animals. Radiation levels were measured at 20 locations in Hongsa District, Xayabouly Province, using an Inspector Alert™ V2 radiation detector. The results were then compared with the standards announced by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The findings showed that radiation levels at all 20 locations were low and within safety limits, posing no danger to living organisms. The study also found that the absorbed gamma dose rate in air (G, nGy h⁻¹) measured at 1 m above ground level, the average annual outdoor effective dose (AEDEout), and the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) were lowest at point S02, which is located in a densely populated urban area. In contrast, point S11, situated north of the town center, recorded the highest values. The higher radiation levels at this site are likely due to differences in geological structure in that area, particularly the presence of lignite rock formations.
Environmental radiation; Gamma dose rate; Hongsa District, Xayabouly Province.
Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction in Hospitality Services at Eden Residence Hotel
This study aimed to identify and analyze the key factors influencing customer satisfaction in the hospitality services of Eden Residence Hotel. The research focused on multiple dimensions, including service quality, cleanliness, pricing, food and beverage services, location and accessibility, customer expectations, and technology. Data were collected from 19 guests through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, including the mean and standard deviation (S.D.) generated by the SPSS program. The findings revealed that service quality (x̅ = 4.55, S.D. = 0.76) was the most influential factor in determining guest satisfaction, followed by technology (x̅ = 4.20) and customer expectations (x̅ = 4.33). Cleanliness (x̅ = 4.23), location (x̅ = 3.97), and pricing (x̅ = 4.00) were also identified as important contributors. While most guests expressed satisfaction with the hotel’s services, areas for improvement were noted in pricing transparency, food freshness, housekeeping responsiveness, and signage to improve accessibility. The study concludes that customer satisfaction at Eden Residence Hotel is shaped by both tangible services and intangible experiences. The results suggest that continued investment in service training, technological upgrades, and accurate marketing communications will enhance guest satisfaction and strengthen the hotel’s competitive advantage. Recommendations were provided to address specific operational gaps and better align services with guest expectations.
Customer satisfaction, Service quality, Technology, Hospitality, Pricing
Students’ Satisfaction with the Teaching and Learning of the Composition Course: A Case Study at Pakse Teacher Training College, Lao PDR
This research aimed to study students’ satisfaction with the teaching and learning of the Composition course. The study examined five aspects: course content in the curriculum, instructor performance, organization of teaching and learning activities, supporting instructional materials and equipment, and measurement and evaluation of learning outcomes. The sample group consisted of 47 students from Class 2 of the Bachelor’s Degree Program in Lao Language, selected through purposive sampling. The research instrument used was a satisfaction questionnaire, and statistical methods were applied to analyze the data. The findings revealed that students’ overall satisfaction with the teaching and learning of the Composition course in Class 2 of the Bachelor’s Degree Program in Lao Language at Pakse Teacher Training College, academic year 2024–2025, was at a very high level across all five aspects. These included: Instructor aspect (Mean = 4.36; SD = 0.79). Teaching and learning activities (Mean = 4.24; SD = 0.83). Instructional materials and supporting equipment (Mean = 4.24; SD = 0.83). Measurement and evaluation (Mean = 4.24; SD = 0.86). Curriculum content (Mean = 3.92; SD = 0.78). The study also recommended that instructors should encourage students to engage in deeper thinking, express creative and constructive opinions, provide adequate teaching materials and media to support learning activities, and select course content that is practical and beneficial for real-life application.
Satisfaction, Teaching aspect, Learning and teaching activities, Assessment and evaluation.
The Effectiveness of Circle Activities in Developing Letter Recognition Skills among Preparatory Kindergarten Children at a Primary School in Luang Prabang Province
This research aimed to: (1) study the efficiency of lesson plans on reading consonants with picture illustrations based on the 80/80 criterion; (2) examine the effectiveness of learning; and (3) investigate the pronunciation ability in reading consonants with picture illustrations of pre-primary (kindergarten preparatory level) students through circle activities at a Primary School, Luang Prabang Province. The target group used in this study consisted of 30 students, including 18 girls. Purposive sampling was employed by selecting a specific classroom and only the relevant informants from Khuathineung Primary School. The research instruments used for data collection included lesson plans, achievement tests, and a behavioral assessment form measuring reading skills in consonants with picture illustrations. The data were analyzed by calculating the mean, standard deviation, instructional efficiency (E₁/E₂), and effectiveness index (E.I.), and then interpreted accordingly. The research findings revealed that the instructional efficiency of teaching reading consonants with picture illustrations for pre-primary students through circle activities was 84.22/86.16, which was higher than the established criterion of 80/80. The effectiveness index (E.I.) of learning was 0.7025, indicating that students’ knowledge increased by 70.25%, which was higher than the predetermined criterion. The students’ pronunciation ability in reading consonants with picture illustrations through circle activities, based on mean scores and percentages respectively, were as follows: mean scores of 1.60, 1.63, 1.83, 2.03, 2.53, and 2.63; with corresponding percentages of 53.33%, 54.44%, 61.10%, 67.77%, 84.44%, and 87.77%, respectively.
Efficiency, effectiveness, Pronunciation ability.
The Effects of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) on Promoting Technology Integration in 21st-Century Teaching and Learning: Evidence from a Basic ICT Course at Pakse Teacher Training College
This study aims to (1) study the learning outcomes of students in 21st-century teaching and learning management using Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in the Basic ICT course for the Continuing Lao Language Program at Pakse Teacher Training College, academic year 2023–2024. (2) To survey the level of students’ opinions toward the teaching and learning management of the Basic ICT course using Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in the Continuing Lao Language Program at Pakse Teacher Training College, academic year 2023–2024. The sample group used in this study consisted of 50 first-year students, including 15 females, selected through convenience sampling from the Continuing Lao Language Bachelor’s Program at Pakse Teacher Training College during the 2023–2024 academic year. The analysis of test score averages revealed that the pre-test mean score was 4.80, while the post-test mean score was 7.26, indicating improvement to a higher level. Before the implementation of the teaching and learning activities, most students’ learning achievement was at a moderate level (60.00%), followed by a low level (36.00%), and only 4.00% were at a good level. However, after implementing the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach, the results showed that most students achieved a good level (58.00%), followed by a moderate level (26.00%), and 16.00% achieved a very good level. Regarding students’ opinions across six aspects, the overall evaluation was at a moderate level. When considered individually, the aspects of the instructor, course content, and learning achievement were rated at a very good level. Meanwhile, the aspects related to students, teaching materials and equipment, and learning activities were rated at a moderate level, respectively.
Technology, problem-based learning, 21st century, teacher aspects, subject content
An Investigation into the Implementation of Quality Assurance Standards at Buddhist Upper Secondary Schools in Vientiane Capital
The purpose of this study is to examine the implementation status of the education quality assurance at the Buddhist upper secondary schools. The target group consisted of 68 participants, including administrators (the management committee), academic staff, and teachers from two upper secondary schools in Vientiane Capital. In this study, the researcher adopted a conceptual framework based on the six aspects of the general education quality assurance standards. The data collection instrument used was a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. The data were analyzed using statistical software to determine frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. The findings revealed that, overall, administrators, academic staff, and teachers the implementation of the quality assurance standards in the upper secondary schools were at a high level (μ = 4.41; σ = 0.39). When considering each aspect individually, it was found that the most effectively implemented aspect was management and administration, particularly the administrators’ knowledge and competence. However, the aspects that were less effectively implemented were the learning environment and teaching–learning materials. The study also found that the major challenge concerning the learning environment was the limited capacity to promote reading, while the main challenge regarding teaching–learning materials was the shortage of laboratory equipment and ICT facilities.
Quality assurance, Education, Buddhist secondary school.
The Importance of English Communication Skills among Second-Year Students in the Department of English at Savannakhet University
This study aims to examine the current level of English communication skills among second-year students in the Department of English at Savannakhet University. It also explores students’ perceptions of the importance of English communication in their academic and professional lives and identifies the challenges they face in developing these skills. A quantitative research design was employed, using a structured questionnaire administered to 25 second-year English major students. The questionnaire covered five main language areas listening, speaking, pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar along with student perceptions, academic performance, career readiness, personal development, and common communication challenges such as limited vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation issues, and lack of practice, passive learning, and limited feedback. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (Mean and Standard Deviation). Findings revealed that students perceive English communication skills as very important, especially in relation to career readiness (x̅ = 4.41), academic performance (x̅ = 4.18), and personal confidence (x̅ = 4.20). Listening (x̅ = 4.32) and pronunciation (x̅ = 4.17) were identified as essential subskills, while speaking, vocabulary, and grammar were viewed as important but more challenging. Major obstacles included lack of practice (x̅ = 4.24), limited feedback (x̅ = 4.19), passive learning environments (x̅ = 3.93), and unclear pronunciation (x̅ = 3.95). These challenges hinder fluency, confidence, and real-life communication competence. The study recommends creating more interactive, student-centered learning environments that emphasize communicative tasks. Teachers should provide more frequent and personalized feedback and encourage practice both inside and outside the classroom. Additionally, integrating career-related communication practice and building students’ confidence through group discussions, role-plays, and presentations will help bridge the gap between academic learning and real-world communication demands.
English communication skills, student perceptions, career readiness, personal development, vocabulary
Efficiency Assessment of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF-5) at Savannakhet University
This study aims to investigate the efficiency of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF-5) briquettes produced from natural organic waste and residues—specifically leaves, coconut shells, and paper. The research focuses on analysing the heating value and physical characteristics of the fuel briquettes across three distinct mixture formulations: T1, T2, and T3. Heating value analysis was conducted using a Bomb Calorimeter in accordance with ASTM D4809 standards. The experimental results indicated that the heating values for RDF-5 formulations T1, T2, and T3 were 4,090 kcal/kg, 5,697 kcal/kg, and 6,096 kcal/kg, respectively. The findings revealed that the T3 formulation exhibited the highest efficiency and met the standard criteria for suitable fuel properties. Specifically, T3 demonstrated a superior heating value and more favourable physical characteristics compared to formulations T1 and T2 in this experiment. Furthermore, the physical characteristic analysis yielded the following results for formulations T1, T2, and T3, respectively: moisture content of 10.26%, 16.26%, and 17.95%; volatile matter of 46.87%, 56.36%, and 64.21%; ash content of 21.95%, 13.69%, and 8.92%; and fixed carbon content of 43.36%, 47.95%, and 50.60%. Based on the overall assessment, it can be concluded that the T3 RDF-5 formulation possesses superior heating efficiency and physical characteristics compared to the other formulations. Additionally, statistical analysis indicated a positive correlation between heating value and both fixed carbon and volatile matter content. Conversely, ash content was found to have a negative correlation with the heating value of the fuel briquettes.
Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF-5), Heating Value, Solid Waste Management, Biomass, Briquettes, Renewable Energy.
The Effects of the STAD Teaching Technique on Learning Outcomes in Basic Statistics among First-Year IT Business Administration Students, Faculty of Economics and Tourism, Souphanouvong University, Academic Year 2022–2023
The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate the learning outcomes after teaching basic statistics using the STAD teaching technique; (2) to compare the post-test scores between male and female students; and (3) to assess student satisfaction with learning basic statistics using the STAD teaching technique. The target group in this study consisted of first-year students from the Faculty of Economics and Tourism, Souphanouvong University, in the academic year 2022–2023, totaling 28 students (14 females). The research instruments included two STAD lesson plans, a post-test, and a student satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. The results of the study were as follows: The results of the post-teaching evaluation of basic statistics using the STAD teaching technique showed that the post-test mean score was higher than the specified criterion of 70%, with a confidence level of 95%. The comparison of post-test mean scores between male and female students revealed no statistically significant difference (t = 0.658, df = 26, p = 0.516) at the 0.05 level of significance. Student satisfaction with learning basic statistics using the STAD teaching technique was at a very high level with a mean score of 4.37 and a standard deviation of 0.12.
Standard STAD teaching technique, Learning outcome, Student satisfaction
A Study on the Development of Student Participation Guidelines for Group Activities in History for Grade 7 at the Demonstration School, Khangkhay Teacher Training College, Academic Year 2024-2025
This research aimed to: (1) examine the level of student participation in group activities in the History subject among Grade 7 secondary school students during the 2024–2025 academic year; and (2) investigate students’ learning outcomes after the implementation of group-based teaching techniques in History for Grade 7 during the same academic year. A quantitative research approach was employed. The sample consisted of 17 Grade 7 students, selected as the study group. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed that: (1) the overall level of student participation in group activities in the History subject was high, with a mean score of 3.48 and a standard deviation of 0.04; and (2) students’ learning outcomes after the use of group-based teaching techniques were also at a high level, with a mean score of 4.12 and a standard deviation of 0.04. These results indicate that the application of grouping techniques in History instruction effectively promotes student participation and enhances learning outcomes at the secondary school level.
Develop a participatory approach, Group activity implementation, Participation, Learning outcomes
The Implementation of the Teams–Games–Tournament (TGT) Teaching Technique in Inclusive Education Courses for Second-Year Pre-Service Early Childhood Teachers under the 12+2 System at Luang Prabang Teacher Training College, Academic Year 2024–2025
This study aimed (1) to examine the efficiency of lesson plans developed using the Teams–Games–Tournaments (TGT) technique based on the 80/80 efficiency criterion, (2) to evaluate students’ learning achievement, and (3) to investigate students’ satisfaction with TGT-based instructional activities. The participants were 12 second-year female students enrolled in the Early Childhood Education program under the 12+2 system, selected through purposive sampling. The research instruments consisted of TGT-based lesson plans, a learning achievement test, and a student satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel to calculate the mean (X), standard deviation (S.D.), lesson plan efficiency (E1/E2), and the effectiveness index (E.I.). The results showed that the efficiency of the TGT-based lesson plans was 86.31/91.93, which exceeded the established 80/80 criterion. The effectiveness index was 0.87, equivalent to 87.00%, indicating a high level of learning effectiveness above the predetermined standard. Furthermore, students’ overall satisfaction with the TGT instructional activities was at the highest level (X= 4.56, S.D. = 0.88).
TGT teaching technique, Cooperative learning, Learning outcomes